The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metric, Richard Zhang, Phillip Isola, Alexei A. Efros, Eli Shechtman, Oliver Wang, 2018IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1801.03924 - Proposes LPIPS, a learned perceptual metric often used in PPL calculations, which aligns better with human perception than traditional pixel-wise differences.