Hidden Technical Debt in Machine Learning Systems, D. Sculley, Gary Holt, Daniel Golovin, Eugene Davydov, Todd Phillips, Dietmar Ebner, Michael Chaudhary, Cora Fairchild, Jean-Philippe Franco, Alan Horn, Vivek Hutchinson, Sunny Karanth, Todd Kwon, Nicolas Levin, David Lopes, Artak Mkhitaryan, Shahar Marcus, Jeff Penn, Yuri Polyakov, Michael Smith, Sharat Suresh, Dave Taylor, Bojia Wang, Kevin Yang, 2015Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015) (NeurIPS)DOI: 10.5591/978-1-57766-700-1_237 - 一份基础性论文,指出了真实世界ML系统中的常见挑战,包括训练-服务偏差这一关键问题,这对于按需特征计算尤为重要。