Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, Ronald E. Walpole, Raymond H. Myers, Sharon L. Myers, Keying E. Ye, 2017 (Pearson) - A comprehensive textbook providing a foundational explanation of hypothesis testing principles and methods. (9th edition)
Introduction to Probability and Statistics, Jeremy Orloff, Jonathan Bloom, John Tsitsiklis, and Patrick Jaillet, 2014 (MIT OpenCourseWare) - MIT course materials providing a thorough introduction to statistical inference and hypothesis testing fundamentals.