OpenIntro Statistics, David M Diez, Christopher D Barr, Mine Çetinkaya-Rundel, 2019 (OpenIntro) - A comprehensive introductory statistics textbook that thoroughly covers different data types and their fundamental properties.
Working with data types (dtypes), The Pandas development team, 2023Pandas Documentation - Official Pandas documentation explaining how the library handles and represents different data types, including inference and explicit conversion.