Storing data effectively requires moving past simple file organization. Relying solely on individual files scattered across a system quickly becomes inefficient and prone to errors as data volume and complexity grow. This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of databases as a structured solution for managing information.

We will start by clarifying the distinction between raw data and processed information. You will then learn about the limitations inherent in managing data using only standard file systems. Subsequently, we define what a database is and introduce the role of Database Management Systems (DBMS) – the software used to interact with databases. We will cover the primary benefits of using databases over simpler storage methods and conclude by looking at several common applications where databases are essential.