Introduction to Multimodal AI
Chapter 1: What is Multimodal AI?
Artificial Intelligence: A Brief Overview
Understanding Data Modalities: Text, Images, Audio
Defining Multimodal AI: Processing Diverse Data
Benefits of Combining Multiple Modalities
Multimodal vs. Unimodal AI: Core Differences
Examples of Multimodal Systems
Fundamental Challenges in Multimodal AI
An Illustrative Multimodal Task: Generating Image Descriptions
Practice: Identifying Modalities in Common Technologies
Quiz for Chapter 1
Chapter 2: Data Foundations for Multimodal Systems
Text Data Representation: From Characters to Meaning
Image Data Representation: Pixels, Features, and Structure
Audio Data Representation: Sound Waves to Digital Signals
Video Data: Sequences of Images and Sound
Basic Preprocessing for Different Data Types
Aligning Data from Multiple Sources
Comparing Information Across Modalities
Hands-on Practical: Observing Data Formats
Quiz for Chapter 2
Chapter 3: Techniques for Integrating Modalities
Approaches to Multimodal Fusion: Early, Intermediate, Late
Early Fusion: Combining Data at the Input Stage
Intermediate Fusion: Merging Processed Features
Late Fusion: Combining Independent Predictions
Shared Representations: Learning Common Features
Coordinated Representations: Mapping Between Modalities
Basic Architectures for Multimodal Learning
Introduction to Attention: Focusing on Relevant Information
Practice: Visualizing Fusion Methods
Quiz for Chapter 3
Chapter 4: Components of Multimodal AI Models
Extracting Features from Text Data
Extracting Features from Image Data
Extracting Features from Audio Data
Simple Neural Network Layers for Multimodal Tasks
Measuring Performance: Loss Functions for Combined Data
Training Multimodal Systems: An Overview
Basic Evaluation Metrics for Multimodal Outputs
Hands-on Practical: Conceptualizing a Simple Model
Quiz for Chapter 4
Chapter 5: Introductory Applications of Multimodal AI
Image Captioning Systems: Generating Text from Images
Visual Question Answering: Interacting with Images Through Questions
Text-to-Image Synthesis: Creating Visuals from Descriptions (Introduction)
Speech Recognition Enhanced by Visual Cues (Introduction)
Multimodal Sentiment Analysis: Understanding Opinions from Multiple Cues
Inputs and Outputs in Multimodal Applications
Practice: Brainstorming a Multimodal Solution
Quiz for Chapter 5
Text Data Representation: From Characters to Meaning
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- Speech and Language Processing (3rd ed. draft), Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin, 2025 - An authoritative and comprehensive textbook for natural language processing, covering text preprocessing, tokenization, and various word representation methods.
- Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space, Tomas Mikolov, Kai Chen, Greg Corrado, Jeffrey Dean, 2013 arXiv preprint DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1301.3781 - The seminal paper introducing Word2Vec, a highly influential model for learning dense word embeddings that capture semantic similarities.
- GloVe: Global Vectors for Word Representation, Jeffrey Pennington, Richard Socher, Christopher Manning, 2014 Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) (Association for Computational Linguistics) DOI: 10.3115/v1/D14-1162 - Presents GloVe, an unsupervised model for learning word embeddings based on global co-occurrence statistics, offering an alternative to Word2Vec.
- Introduction to Information Retrieval, Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar Raghavan and Hinrich Schütze, 2008 (Cambridge University Press) - A standard textbook for information retrieval, detailing fundamental text representation models like Bag-of-Words and TF-IDF.