Introduction to Multimodal AI
Chapter 1: What is Multimodal AI?
Artificial Intelligence: A Brief Overview
Understanding Data Modalities: Text, Images, Audio
Defining Multimodal AI: Processing Diverse Data
Benefits of Combining Multiple Modalities
Multimodal vs. Unimodal AI: Core Differences
Examples of Multimodal Systems
Fundamental Challenges in Multimodal AI
An Illustrative Multimodal Task: Generating Image Descriptions
Practice: Identifying Modalities in Common Technologies
Quiz for Chapter 1
Chapter 2: Data Foundations for Multimodal Systems
Text Data Representation: From Characters to Meaning
Image Data Representation: Pixels, Features, and Structure
Audio Data Representation: Sound Waves to Digital Signals
Video Data: Sequences of Images and Sound
Basic Preprocessing for Different Data Types
Aligning Data from Multiple Sources
Comparing Information Across Modalities
Hands-on Practical: Observing Data Formats
Quiz for Chapter 2
Chapter 3: Techniques for Integrating Modalities
Approaches to Multimodal Fusion: Early, Intermediate, Late
Early Fusion: Combining Data at the Input Stage
Intermediate Fusion: Merging Processed Features
Late Fusion: Combining Independent Predictions
Shared Representations: Learning Common Features
Coordinated Representations: Mapping Between Modalities
Basic Architectures for Multimodal Learning
Introduction to Attention: Focusing on Relevant Information
Practice: Visualizing Fusion Methods
Quiz for Chapter 3
Chapter 4: Components of Multimodal AI Models
Extracting Features from Text Data
Extracting Features from Image Data
Extracting Features from Audio Data
Simple Neural Network Layers for Multimodal Tasks
Measuring Performance: Loss Functions for Combined Data
Training Multimodal Systems: An Overview
Basic Evaluation Metrics for Multimodal Outputs
Hands-on Practical: Conceptualizing a Simple Model
Quiz for Chapter 4
Chapter 5: Introductory Applications of Multimodal AI
Image Captioning Systems: Generating Text from Images
Visual Question Answering: Interacting with Images Through Questions
Text-to-Image Synthesis: Creating Visuals from Descriptions (Introduction)
Speech Recognition Enhanced by Visual Cues (Introduction)
Multimodal Sentiment Analysis: Understanding Opinions from Multiple Cues
Inputs and Outputs in Multimodal Applications
Practice: Brainstorming a Multimodal Solution
Quiz for Chapter 5
Understanding Data Modalities: Text, Images, Audio
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- Multimodal Machine Learning: A Survey and Taxonomy, Tadas Baltrušaitis, Chaitanya Ahuja, and Louis-Philippe Morency, 2018 IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 41 (IEEE) DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2018.2798607 - This survey provides an overview of multimodal machine learning, including definitions and categorization of different data modalities and their processing challenges.
- Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition, Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin, 2025 (Pearson) - The third edition of this textbook covers the fundamental concepts of natural language processing and speech recognition, explaining how text and audio (speech) data are structured and processed by AI.
- Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications, Richard Szeliski, 2022 (Springer) - The second edition of this textbook provides a broad introduction to computer vision, detailing the principles and algorithms for processing and understanding image data.