Getting Started with Gradient Boosting Algorithms
Chapter 1: Foundations of Ensemble Learning and Boosting
What are Ensemble Methods?
Bagging vs. Boosting
Introduction to the Boosting Principle
The AdaBoost Algorithm: A Precursor to Gradient Boosting
Understanding Weak Learners
Bias-Variance Tradeoff in Ensembles
Chapter 2: The Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM)
From Boosting to Gradient Boosting
The Role of Gradients and Residuals
The GBM Algorithm Step-by-Step
Loss Functions for Regression Tasks
Loss Functions for Classification Tasks
Hands-on Practical: Building a GBM with Python
Chapter 3: Implementing Gradient Boosting with Scikit-Learn
Scikit-Learn's GradientBoostingClassifier
Scikit-Learn's GradientBoostingRegressor
Fitting and Predicting with GBM Models
Interpreting Model Parameters
Feature Importance in GBM
Partial Dependence Plots for Model Interpretation
Hands-on Practical: Building a Predictive Model
Chapter 4: Advanced Gradient Boosting: XGBoost
Why XGBoost? Speed and Performance
Architectural Improvements over Standard GBM
Regularization in XGBoost (L1 and L2)
Handling Missing Values Automatically
Installing and Setting up XGBoost
The XGBoost API: A Walkthrough
Hands-on Practical: Training an XGBoost Model
Chapter 5: Advanced Gradient Boosting: LightGBM and CatBoost
Introduction to LightGBM: Gradient-based One-Side Sampling
LightGBM's Exclusive Feature Bundling
Introduction to CatBoost: Handling Categorical Features
CatBoost's Ordered Boosting and Symmetric Trees
Performance Comparison: XGBoost vs. LightGBM vs. CatBoost
Hands-on Practical: Implementing LightGBM and CatBoost
Chapter 6: Hyperparameter Tuning and Model Optimization
The Importance of Hyperparameter Tuning
Principal Hyperparameters in Gradient Boosting
Tuning the Number of Estimators and Learning Rate
Controlling Tree Complexity
Subsampling Parameters for Regularization
A Structured Approach to Tuning
Using Grid Search and Randomized Search
Hands-on Practical: Optimizing a Gradient Boosting Model
Tuning the Number of Estimators and Learning Rate
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Nov 26, 2025
Updated for XGBoost 3.1.2
- Greedy Function Approximation: A Gradient Boosting Machine, Jerome H. Friedman, 2001 The Annals of Statistics, Vol. 29 (Institute of Mathematical Statistics) DOI: 10.1214/aos/1013203445 - This foundational paper introduces the gradient boosting machine algorithm, detailing the roles of the number of boosting iterations (estimators) and the shrinkage parameter (learning rate) in model construction and regularization.
- The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, and Jerome Friedman, 2009 (Springer) DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7 - Chapter 10 of this authoritative book provides a comprehensive treatment of boosting, including detailed explanations of the learning rate (shrinkage) and the number of estimators, and their impact on model performance.
- XGBoost Python API Reference, XGBoost Contributors, 2023 - The official API reference for XGBoost's Python package, detailing the
XGBClassifierclass parameters liken_estimatorsandlearning_rate(eta), and thefitmethod'searly_stopping_roundsargument for efficient tuning.
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