Advanced Vector Search for LLM Applications
Chapter 1: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Algorithms
Revisiting Vector Embeddings and Search Fundamentals
Hierarchical Navigable Small Worlds (HNSW) Internals
Inverted File Index (IVF) Variations
Product Quantization (PQ) Mechanics
Other Graph-Based ANN Methods (e.g., NSG, Vamana)
Selecting the Right ANN Algorithm: Trade-offs
Hands-on Practical: Implementing and Tuning HNSW
Chapter 2: Optimizing Vector Search Performance and Efficiency
Quantization Techniques: Scalar vs. Product
Implementing Optimized Product Quantization (OPQ)
Binary Hashing and Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) Refresher
Advanced Filtering Strategies: Pre vs. Post Filtering
Indexing Metadata Efficiently alongside Vectors
Hardware Acceleration Considerations (CPU SIMD, GPU)
Memory Management and Caching Strategies
Practice: Applying Quantization and Filtering
Chapter 3: Hybrid Search Approaches
Limitations of Pure Vector Search
Integrating Keyword Search (BM25, TF-IDF)
Result Fusion and Ranking Strategies
Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF) and Other Fusion Algorithms
Graph-Based Augmentation for Vector Search
Multi-Modal Search Considerations
Hands-on Practical: Building a Hybrid Search Pipeline
Chapter 4: Scaling Vector Search for Production Systems
Distributed Vector Database Architectures
Sharding Strategies for Vector Indexes
Replication and High Availability
Load Balancing Search Queries
Monitoring Vector Search Performance Metrics
Index Updates and Maintenance in Production
Cost Optimization for Large-Scale Deployments
Practice: Configuring a Distributed Setup
Chapter 5: Advanced Tuning and Evaluation
Evaluation Metrics Revisited: Recall, Precision, Latency
Building Ground Truth Datasets for Evaluation
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis (HNSW, IVF)
A/B Testing Frameworks for Search Algorithms
Debugging Search Relevance Issues
Online vs. Offline Evaluation Techniques
Tuning for Specific Application Needs (RAG vs. Semantic Search)
Hands-on Practical: Comprehensive Performance Evaluation
Index Updates and Maintenance in Production
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- Efficient and Robust Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Using Hierarchical Navigable Small World Graphs, Yu. A. Malkov, D. A. Yashunin, 2018 IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 40 (IEEE) DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2017.2758731 - This original paper introduces HNSW, a core graph-based ANN algorithm mentioned in the section, providing the fundamental understanding of its structure and the associated difficulties in modifying it for dynamic data.
- Dynamic k-Nearest Neighbor Search on a Graph Index, Xin Li, Yu Cheng, Hongning Wang, and Ruixiang Tang, 2020 Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, Vol. 13 (VLDB Endowment) DOI: 10.14778/3400766.3400769 - This academic paper addresses the problem of effectively maintaining k-nearest neighbor graph indexes with dynamic data (insertions and deletions), proposing methods to adapt to changes while preserving search quality, directly reflecting challenges discussed in the section.
- Consistency, Milvus, 2024 (Zilliz) - This official documentation from Milvus, a popular open-source vector database, offers practical information on consistency models (e.g., eventual consistency, bounded staleness) and update propagation approaches in a distributed vector search system, which is directly relevant to the production challenges discussed.