Ethical and Social Risks of Harm from Language Models, Laura Weidinger, John Mellor, Maribeth Rauh, Conor Griffin, Jonathan Uesato, Po-Sen Huang, Myra Cheng, Mia Glaese, Borja Balle, Atoosa Kasirzadeh, Zac Kenton, Sasha Brown, Will Hawkins, Tom Stepleton, Courtney Biles, Abeba Birhane, Julia Haas, Laura Rimell, Lisa Anne Hendricks, William Isaac, Sean Legassick, Geoffrey Irving, Iason Gabriel, 2021arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.04359DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2112.04359 - This comprehensive paper identifies and categorizes a wide range of ethical and social risks posed by language models, underscoring the critical need for human-driven qualitative analysis in assessing safety and bias.