Hidden Technical Debt in Machine Learning Systems, D. Sculley, Gary Holt, Daniel Golovin, Eugene Davydov, Todd Phillips, Dietmar Ebner, Vinay Chaudhary, Michael Young, Jean-François Crespo, Dan Dennison, 2015Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015) (Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, Inc. (NeurIPS))DOI: 10.5555/2969442.2969562 - 这篇论文阐述了将机器学习投入生产中的各种挑战,尤其重点讨论了训练-服务偏差这一关键问题。