Hidden Technical Debt in Machine Learning Systems, D. Sculley, Gary Holt, Daniel Golovin, Eugene Davydov, Todd Phillips, Dietmar Ebner, Vinay Chaudhary, Michael Young, Jean-François Crespo, Dan Dennison, 2015Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 28 (Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, Inc. (NeurIPS)) - 指出生产环境中机器学习系统复杂性和维护负担的核心挑战。